Evaluate a range of current leadership theories and models to reflect Essay

Evaluate a range of current leadership theories and models to reflect current thinking and explain the impact of those syles to different sub-divisions , organi - Essay Example Taking into account several features there have appeared 5 major models of leadership at least in the Western society. Later we will see leadership in the Eastern society, but now let’s look at a classification of leadership according to the following main characteristics as summarised by David Boje (2003): Charismatic inspiration - attractiveness to others and the ability to leverage this esteem to motivate others; Preoccupation with a rà ´le - a dedication that consumes much of leaders life - service to a cause; A clear sense of purpose (or mission) - clear goals - focus – commitment; Results-orientation - directing every action towards a mission - prioritizing activities to spend time where results most accrue; Optimism - very few pessimists become leaders; Rejection of determinism - belief in ones ability to "make a difference"; Ability to encourage and nurture those that report to them - delegate in such a way as people will grow; Rà ´le models - leaders may adopt a persona that encapsulates their mission and lead by example; Self-knowledge (in non-bureaucratic structures); Self-awareness - the ability to "lead" (as it were) ones own self prior to leading other selves similarly. One common attribute that signals any leadership is vision. This element is universally looked for in any kind of leadership. Vision is a fundamental force that moves the followers towards a goal. This vision is supposed to have the following characteristics in order to be effective according to the Wikipedia (2005): Paul D. Gardiner (2005) makes a simple distinction between Scientific and Administrative Managements: â€Å"Scientific management focuses on the one best way to do a job. Administrative management emphasizes the flow of information in the organisation.† The pioneers in the Scientific Management movement are Frederick W. Taylor (1856- 1915), husband and wife team Frank Gilbreth (1868-1924) and Lillian Gilbreth

Promoting the Integration of Therapeutic Touch in Nursing Practice Essay Example for Free

Promoting the Integration of Therapeutic Touch in Nursing Practice Essay 1. Describe the patient group in the study. English speaking adults with Dx of cancer expected to be on the unit the day following the intervention, whose medical conditions did not preclude their ability to comfortably receive TT or participate in the interview, and were able to give informed consent; 34 patient-participants completed the research process (16 women and 18 men), age range of 22 to 77 with an average age of 52 years 2. What was their health problem? Bone marrow transplant Patients. The focus of the study? Explore the experiences of nurses and patients on an inpatient oncology and bone marrow transplant unit when nurses had time preserved for exclusive offering of TT. 3. Who was providing the care? Two staff nurse-interventionists who were experienced and participated in TT education, and three nurse-interviewers who discussed the TT intervention with patient-participants the day following TT treatment. 4. What was the setting for the care? The study was conducted in an academic medical center on a 26 bed hematology/oncology in patient unit with bone marrow transplantation program. 5. What were the findings? 1) TT is a vehicle for comfort, caring, and presence that creates possibility and healing 2) TT invites a shift from disease-state focus to personhood focus that is freeing and reawakens the essence of nursing 3)TT is an intervention that illuminates the transformative power of nursing theory-research-practice. 6. What were the recommendations? Having a complementary nursing strategy, such as TT, that allows nurses an additional way to offering care that facilitates comfort, assists with anxiety reduction, and enhances sleep is of major significance. 7. How practical/useful is this information to a practicing nurse? I am not sure how practical TT is. First, you would have to have additional staff to allow for the time to educate seasoned nurses in TT and then to perform TT on the patients. You would also have to have the support of the administrative staff. However, I do believe that laying on of hands is an effective therapeutic tool. 8. What I wonder is†¦.. would there be a similar outcome in other specialty areas that patients have not had the opportunity to establish a trusting relationship with the nursing staff prior to TT.

Basic Structure Of The Chinese Beer Industry

Basic Structure Of The Chinese Beer Industry To understand the current situation in the Chinese beer industry, knowledge about past events is necessary. Todays structure is a result of developments which took place during the last 50 years. Only decades ago, the total amount of beer consumed in China was very low, but steadily on the rise. When growth rates started to increase during the late 1990s, international breweries became interested in this new market, because international competition was very high, but the local competition in China was rather weak, and almost simultaneously international companies tried to set foot in China. In a very short time, nearly 50 joint ventures with local breweries were founded and everybody tried to get a piece of the cake. Yet, as China is a vast and geographically diverse country and infrastructure is poorly developed, the market for breweries is highly fragmented. The sales were all localized and as it was very difficult to ship across regional borders due to protected regional markets, big scale breweries were hard to maintain. Additionally, the price of beer was very low, especially in the rural areas of China and therefore costs could hardly be passed onto the consumer. Only a small group of richer Chinese were willing to spend more money on beer and would prefer international brands to national ones. Due to that, international beer was only available through on-premises sales in bars or hotels, while the majority of beer was sold through retail outlets. All this limited most brands geographical reach, only the Chinese Tsingtao beer was available almost nationwide. In 1995 there were over 800 breweries in China and the largest producer, the Yanjing Brewery, only accounted for 3.4% of the market in 1996. Even the top 10 could only claim 14% of the national production. As the Chinese population became richer, international companies could generate more revenues from the high end and premium sector which was difficult for the local breweries. The Chinese government began to fear foreign domination in the beer market and tried to push local breweries. Even though transportation is improving, the poor infrastructure and the inability to reap the economies of scale still hamper the bigger breweries. Trade barriers and the Chinese government which prefers national breweries further hinder international companies. It is necessary to view China not as a country, but to divide it into distinct areas in which breweries can operate. Competition in rural areas requires different competencies than in metropolitan areas. High fixed costs make it necessary to achieve a high degree of product and process standardization. Which competitors have the strongest (or at least the most viable) positions in the industry, and why? Does any competitor have a sustainable advantage? In 1997, the strongest competitors in China by volume were: 1. Yanjing Brewery, 2. China Strategic Investment, 3. Tsingtao Brewery, 4. Zhujiang Brewery (Interbrew), 5. China Resources (Shenyang) Snowflake Brewery (SAB), 6. Chongquing Brewer, 7. Dongxihu Brewery (Danone), 8. Qianjiang Brewery, 9. Harbin Brewery, 10. Pabst Blue Ribbon Brewery. In 2008, the key competitors in this industry were: Tsingtao Brewery, China Resources Snow Breweries, Beijing Yanjing Beer Group Company and Fujian Sedrin Brewery Company. The market shares of these key competitors are unknown. These companies can hold their positions due to joint ventures and co-operations. The largest producer Beijing Yanjing Brewery accounted for just 3.4% of the total market, but could increase its market share in Beijing from 55% in 1994 to 85% by 1997. Small breweries power to compete will increase during the next years and they will eventually become a strong competitor in the beer industry in China. Chinas market is geographically fragmented and the major domestic brands generally dominate in their local area. A sustainable advantage for competitors in the beer industry in China is the geographic position, because distribution is a major problem. Breweries which are located on the coast or near rivers have advantages due to the fact that shipping was the most reliable way of transporting beer. Foreign brewers realized that nationwide distribution was unrealistic and instead tried to focus on key areas. Another important aspect of the beer market is that the Chinese government favour s larger companies, making it tough for smaller ones. This also puts pressure on companies which lack economies of scale. Furthermore the major breweries invested heavily in increasing output and quality and in packaging. They also spent a lot of money on marketing and distribution, further strengthening their positions on top. Tsingtao and Yanjing Brewery both decided to boost their production capacity and invest in the development of their technologies to get a competitive advantage compared to their competitors. The few companies which will get out on top will use their advantages of capital and scales to further strengthen their positions in the market. The main Chinese breweries will not only be competiing in price and market regions, but also in distribution.  [1]   Is this a profitable industry? What is your prediction for its future profitability? In the 1980s and in the 1990s the beer industry in China was not profitable, but China became a large beer production and consumption country and after 2008 the output of Chinese beer ranked first in the world. Chinas beer market has one of the fastest growths worldwide. The world top ten breweries invest in China because of this growing market.  [2]   The competition between the breweries is a very fierce one, they are fighting for market shares, brands and regional distribution. In China the market is divided in beer areas and each region is occupied by certain beer companies. For its future profitability it will be necessary to increase quality and efficiency, to improve infrastructure for making distribution easier and brand building for high competitive advantage. Furthermore some key factors and data have to be taken into consideration to be able to tell if theres a profitable future for the Chinese beer industry: Key statistics provide the key indicators for the industry for at least the last three years. The statistics include industry revenue, industry gross product, employment, establishments, exports, imports, domestic demand and total wages. These statistics are important for research on how to enter the market. Segmentation covers products and service segmentation like key products. The major market segmentation provides data about key client industries and groups, giving an indication which of these are the most important ones in the industry. Industry concentration can tell us how much industry revenue is accounted for by the top four players and the geographic spread provides a guide to the regional share of the industry revenue or gross product. Market Characteristics deal with market size (size of domestic market and size of export market), linkages (lists the industryà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s major suppliers and the major customer industries), demand determinants, domestic and international markets, basis of competition and life cycle. Industry Conditions: Barriers to entry, taxation, regulation and deregulation, cost structure, capital and labor intensity, technology and systems, industry volatility and globalization. Key Factors and Key Competitors: Industryà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s Key Sensitivities and Key Success Factors. Key Competitors lists the major players in the industry and their activities. Industry Performance: Analyses the current performance and the historical performance of the Industry.  [3]   All these factors heavily influence the future profitability of the Chinese beer industry and keeping them under surveillance would therefore be advised. How is this industry likely to evolve? What are the key forces that will influence this evolution? The Chinese beer industry is still in the mid and late integration phase today. Competition remains fierce, but it can be estimated that in the future the Chinese beer industry will form a domestic market which will be monopolized by the 10 largest Chinese breweries. The market is most probably headed towards monopolistic and oligarch competition.  [4]   The number of enterprises will decline as the number of competitors which affiliate with the major players will increase. The capacities of the 10 largest breweries will rise, they will most likely expand rapidly and expand their scales. The industry will become more and more concentrated. An estimated 50% of the increase amount of beer worldwide will come from the Chinese market in the next 10 years.4

The Lottery Essay -- essays research papers fc

The Message Sent in â€Å"The Lottery†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The shock value of Shirley Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery† is not only widely known, but also widely felt. Her writing style effectively allows the reader to pass a judgment on themselves and the society in which they live. In â€Å"The Lottery† Jackson is making a comparison to human nature. It is prominent in all human civilizations to take a chance as a source of entertainment and as this chance is taken, something is both won and lost.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As long as human civilization has existed, so has the idea of death or suffering, or taking a chance of death or suffering, as a form of entertainment. This can be traced back as far the day of the Roman gladiator, when an event was staged in a coliseum where people watched someone lose their life as a form of entertainment. Also, executions, once public, provide entertainment as they cause an inescapable excitement as an escape from the normal routine of daily life. This form of entertainment is displayed in â€Å"The Lottery† as the character Tessie Hutchinson is stoned in public because she won the town’s annual lottery and as the character Old Man Warner claims in the story, â€Å"There’s always been a lottery† (Jackson 275). People also take a chance of harming themselves for entertainment in event of drug usage or extreme sports. The townspeople harm themselves in â€Å"The Lottery† by harming another person. However, this form of entertainment can also take another...

Jorge Luis Borges – Use of Ambiguity

The Art of Being Ambiguous In his collection of short stories, Ficciones, Jorge Luis Borges uses dreams, imagination and fantasy to establish ambiguity in his stories. With the use of juxtaposition and symbols, Borges blends a realm of dreams and imagination into the individual’s everyday worldly experiences. Through these devices, Borges commonly blurs the line between aspects of reality for his characters versus the constructs of his or her mind.By combining the real with the fictitious, Borges incorporates ambiguity into his stories and introduces his readers to new perspectives of world around them. In â€Å"The South,† Borges establishes ambiguity by dropping subtle textual hints that would ultimately allow for the reader to attain vastly different interpretations of the same text. If taken at face value, the main character Dahlmann is released from a sanatorium after a serious head injury.On the train ride back from the sanatorium, Borges hints that Dahlmann perio dically transitions into his illusory past of the old South. Even as he enters the cab that would take him to the train station, he admits that â€Å"reality is partial to symmetries and slight anachronism† (175) meaning that his past, although misplaced and irrelevant to modern times, continues to have significance in the present. The reader can argue that Dahlmann’s nostalgia induces illusions of the world from a time he remembered and celebrated it.On the train ride back to his ranch, he describes that the car â€Å"was not the same car that had pulled out of the station†¦ the plains and the hours had penetrated and transfigured it† (177) and that Dahlmann â€Å"was traveling not only into the South but into the past † (177). Borges uses this description to indicate that Dahlmann transcends into his fantasies of the old South on the train ride home as a result of a longing for the past. However, Borges also hints that Dahlmann might not have left the sanatorium at all, but has actually only dreamed about his release.Some readers find it improbable how Dahlmann is told he is â€Å"coming right along† (175) by the doctors at the sanatorium when only the day before Dahlmann was told that he was on the brink of death from septicemia. For Dahlmann, dying in the sanatorium would be a humiliating ending. When he is informed of his near death experience, Dahlmann felt â€Å"suddenly self-pitying† (175) and broke down crying. Borges points out that Dahlmann aspires to be like his ancestors and die heroically in the old Argentinian manner. Because dying in the sanatorium would have een a disgrace for Dahlmann, Borges highlights the possibility that Dahlmann dreamed up a perfect, heroic death in which he would defend the honor of the Old South. This is portrayed when Dahlmann gears up to fight â€Å"a young thug† (179), symbolic of modern Argentina, outside a country store at the end of his journey. When Borges sta tes that â€Å"it was as the South itself had decided that Dahlmann should accept the challenge† (179), he emphasizes how Dahlmann viewed himself as about to fight in the name of the Old South.For this reason, it is arguable that Dahlmann fantasized his whole journey home and his dreams reflect how he desires to die a heroic death in reality. By incorporating these subtle hints throughout â€Å"The South†, Borges establishes ambiguity between whether Dahlmann had actually left the sanatorium or simply dreamed the whole story. Through this ambiguity, Borges allows for readers to form multiple interpretations to the same story. In â€Å"The Secret Miracle†, Borges blurs the line between the factual world and what constitutes as a fantasy by introducing the idea of having dreams transcend into reality.The main character Hladik has begun to formulate his own play through the inner-workings of his imagination. Aspects of this play mimic Hladik’s reality as he reveals in the end that the main character of his play, Jaroslav Kubin, actually dreams up the events that occurred before in the story. â€Å"The play has not taken place; it is a circular delirium that Kubin endlessly experiences and re-experiences (160). † As Kubin dreams up the plotline of his story, Hladik constructs and reenacts the plotline of the play in which Kubin is part of through a dream, thus incorporating a dream within a dream.By juxtaposing Hladik’s reality and the play he has constructed in his mind, Borges introduces the overarching idea of how the mind constitutes for a different realm in which the dreamers and thinkers can shape, share, and confide in. This idea is again prominent when the bullet that is intended to kill Hladik on the day of his execution stops seconds before taking him. Borges states that, â€Å"in Hladik’s mind a year would pass between the order of the fire and the discharge of the rifle† (162) as a result of God.I f taken at face value, God has intervened as promised in Hladik’s dream. If the reader was to interpret this story in this manner, it is clear that events from Hladik’s dream transform and impact his reality. In which case, Borges clouds the distinction between Hladik’s reality and dreams. However, oddly enough, when Hladik requests the assistance of God in a dream the night before, the librarian states â€Å"I myself have gone blind searching for it [God]† (161), indicating that presence of God is questionable at most.If God is not yet found, He could not have given Hladik the extra year. By incorporating these subtle hints, Borges also allows the reader to interpret that it was solely Hladik’s perception of time, rather than the intervention of God, that allowed him another year. By blurring the line between aspects of Hladik’s reality versus the constructs of his mind, Borges permits the reader to question the presence of God in Hladikâ⠂¬â„¢s execution and introduces the idea that time is relative to how an individual’s mind perceives it.In the last short story â€Å"Circular Ruins,† Borges again uses dreams to introduce the reader to a new way of perceiving the world. In this story, the protagonist would dream each individual part of a boy until he would have finally engineered a son using his own imagination. However, the irony lies herein that the creator realizes at the end of the story he too â€Å"was but appearance, that another man was dreaming him† (100). The protagonist was nothing but a dream of another dreamer like his son was the dream of himself.Through â€Å"The Circular Ruins,† Borges asserts that the individual’s perception of reality might simply be an elaborate illusion. The protagonist did not realize he himself was a dream until the end of the story when he steps into the flames. Similarly, Borges questions the credibility of the reader’s own existence . Borges uses the circular ruins where the protagonist dreams his son – and where his son might possibly dream his own creation – as a symbol to represent the infinite loop of dreams.Additionally, because a circle does not have a definite beginning or end, it signifies the dreams itself have an ambiguous beginning and an indefinite end. In essence, the ambiguity within this story lies in that the reader is left to question the original dreamer, had there even been an original. The individual is left to ponder whether the circular ruins are to constitute reality or whether the dreamer is simply experiencing a dream within a dream, another popular style of Borges as delineated within â€Å"The Secret Miracle. Overall, Borges opens up a door of possibilities that lead to a string of unanswerable questions left to the reader’s interpretation. In general, Borges uses dreams, imagination, and constructs of the mind to brilliantly incorporate ambiguity into his short stories and thereby allow his readers to ponder new thoughts and ideas. In â€Å"The South†, the readers are left to question whether Dahlmann’s journey back to the South had actually taken place or whether it was only a dream in which he portrays his desire to want to die a heroic death like his ancestors.Within â€Å"The Secret Miracle†, Borges weaves aspects from Hladik’s own imagination into his reality such as the possible presence of God. This in turn allows the reader to question the distinction between factors of Hladik’s real world versus that in his mind. Finally, in â€Å"The Circular Ruins,† the ending leaves the reader to question whether dreams constitute a reality of its own or whether these dreams had an original dreamer who was simply dreaming within a dream, a popular motif in other Borges stories.When Borges blurs the line between reality and fiction, he establishes ambiguity and often induces his reader to question the cr edibility of their own reality. Through this ambiguity, Borges asserts that there is no clear or correct way to understand his short stories and that each story is open to the individual’s own interpretation. As a result, the short stories are open to a wide range of interpretations. Through these multiple interpretations, the reader opens him or herself up to new ways of perceiving the world.

Attaching Pronouns to Verbs

Attaching Pronouns to Verbs Spanish pronouns and verbs are usually written as separate words when adjacent. But there are three instances where object pronouns can or must be attached to the verbs they accompany, making the written form of verbpronoun appear as a single word. Reasons To Attach Pronouns Here are some examples of verbs and pronouns being combined, with the pronouns shown in boldface: Quiero comprarlo. (I want to buy it. Comprar and lo are listed as separate words in dictionaries.) ¡Olvà ­dalo! (Forget it! Olvida and lo are usually separate words.)Seguirn comprndolo aà ±o tras aà ±o. (They will keep on buying it year after year.) ¡Bà ©same ahora! (Kiss me now!)Me lo llevo a casa para estudiarlo. (I am taking it home to study it.)No puedo verla. (I cant see it.) As you might be able to infer from these examples, the three types of verb forms that object pronouns can be attached to are these: Infinitives (the form of the verb that ends in -ar, -er or -ir).Gerunds (the form of the verb that ends in -ando or -endo).Affirmative commands (but not negative ones). In all cases, the pronunciation of the verb with the pronoun attached is the same as if they were separate words. But in writing, an accent is sometimes required, as in some of the above examples, with gerunds and affirmative commands, to make certain that the accent remains on the correct syllable. It also is possible to attach two object pronouns to a single verb: Puedes decà ­rmelo. (You can say it to me.) In such cases, the accent is always necessary. Pronouns Attached to Infinitives When an infinitive is used with another verb, the pronoun or pronouns can be attached to the infinitive but dont have to be. In such cases, the pronoun or pronouns can come before or after the verbinfinitive. In the following examples, either form is acceptable: Lo quiero comprar. Quiero comprarlo. (I want to buy it.)Me hizo leerlo. Me lo hizo leer. (She made me read it.)Espero verte. Te espero ver. (I hope to see you)Las voy a estudiar. Voy a estudiarlas. (I am going to study them.)Lo tengo que comer. Tengo que comerlo. (I have to eat it.)No lo puedo comprender. No puedo comprenderlo. (I cant understand it.)Lo detesto saber. Detesto saberlo. (I hate knowing it.) Note how these forms dont require a written accent. The stress of an infinitive is always on the last syllable, and all the personal pronouns end in a vowel or s, putting the stress on the next-to-last syllable anyway. When an infinitive is used as a noun- such as when it follows a preposition or is used as the subject of a sentence- attachment of the pronoun is required: Conocerte es amarte. (To know you is to love you.)Una manera muy simple de comprenderlo es observarlo. (A very simple way of understanding it is to observe it.)Pulsa sobre la fotografà ­a para verme con mi nueva familia. (Click on the photograph to see me with my new family.)Mi mayor miedo es conocerme a mà ­ mismo. (My biggest fear is knowing my very self.)No hay razà ³n para ofenderos. (There is no reason for offending you.) Pronouns Attached to Gerunds The rules for gerunds are similar to those for infinitives. When a gerund is used preceded by another verb, the pronoun can be placed before the other verb but not between the other verb and the gerund. When a gerund stands by itself, the pronoun typically is attached. Some examples: La estoy buscando. Estoy buscndola. (I am looking for it.)Seguirà © estudindolo. Lo seguirà © estudiando. (I will keep on studying it.)Leyà ©ndolo, tendrs à ©xito. (By reading it youll be successful.)Nos estn dominando. Estn dominndonos. (They are dominating us.) Note the use of written accents with the gerund. Pronouns Attached to Affirmative Commands Object pronouns typically are placed attached to affirmative commands (a command in which someone is told to do something), but before negative commands (a command in which an adverb of negation, usually no, is used). Some examples:  ¡Cà ³melo! (Eat it!) ¡No lo comas! (Dont eat it!)Mà ­renme. (Look at me.)No me miren. (Dont look at me.)Està ºdiala. (Study it.)No la estudie. (Dont study it.)

Sport Business in Brazil Management Essay

Sport Business in Brazil Management Essay Sport Business in Brazil Management Essay Sport Business in Brazil Management Essay The Brazilian city of Rio de Janeiro is scheduled to hold the forthcoming 2016 Olympics, which is the first Olympics on the South American continent. In 2014, Brazil already held the FIFA World Cup. The devotion to these sporting mega-events implies that the country, as well as the City of Rio de Janeiro, will have to work hard. Having hosted one mega-event, the capabilities of the country have already been put to the test. MEGA SPORTING EVENT – RIO DE JANEIRO OLYMPICS The 2016 Olympics will be an opportunity for Brazil to avoid some of the challenges experienced during the preparations for the FIFA World Cup. The mega-event refers to a large-scale event of a worldwide significance, which usually attracts people from almost all corners of the world. The ability of these events to attract millions of people has both negative and positive effects. The 2016 Rio Olympics can boost the economic development of the region if correctly managed. For Brazil, holding the Olympics is similar to taking a business risk in order to earn the benefits of the investment. On the other hand, if poorly managed, the event is likely to become a burden to the host country and cause losses. Effective management and preparation of the sporting mega-events can guarantee success and profits. However, the hope is that the 2016 Rio Olympics will contribute to the economic growth of Brazil. The management of a sporting mega-event requires consideration of the three crucial issue s: the infrastructure of the hosting nation, the security of the hosting country, and financial capability of the organizing body, as well as that of the hosting country. This paper discusses the present situation of Brazil and analyses the management of the event. The crucial aspects of the management that will be considered include the infrastructure, security, and financing. Current Situation of Brazil Brazil has been classified as one of the fastest developing economies (Andersson, Armbrect Lundberg 2008). The country reported considerable development and growth in the last decade despite being hit by the global economic downturn. Nowadays, it is a leading country both in Latin and South America in terms of the economic growth. Moreover, it is among the ten largest world economies (Atkinson et al. 2008). Because of the constantly improving economic growth and global status, Brazil was awarded both the 2014 FIFA World Cup and the 2016 Summer Olympics Games. The groundwork for the Rio de Janeiro Olympics has started. Brazil has the chance of learning from the failures and successes of both Greece and Barcelona in hosting the mega events (Walker et al. 2010). Greece is a clear example of the failure in hosting the mega event while Barcelona is an example of success. According to Fourie and Santana-Gallego (2011), the ambitions of holding the Rio Olympic Games might interfere with th e continuous economic growth that the country is hoping. The research has shown that the economic effect of mega-events can be smaller in the developing countries than in the industrialized economies. There is no doubt that the Olympics will create the tourism demand and employment opportunities; it will also strengthen the Brazilian economy to a significant extent. The job opportunities are imminent following the forthcoming 2016 Olympics. The Brazilians living in Rio de Janeiro expect an increase in the labour market with the demand for workers for constructing the Olympic facilities (Curi, Knijnik Mascarenhas 2011). However, the experience of Greece has demonstrated that the overall benefits from the increased tourism traffic will primarily affect the wealthy. The historical analysis of the sporting mega-events have also shown that the development is very uneven and seems to benefit the construction interests and private developers while the leisure sites are developing only for the rich (Walker et al. 2010). According to Haddad and Hahhad (2010), the overall benefits might not influence the middle class and bottom-of-pyramid (BOP) Brazilians without effective management of the sporting mega-events. Consequently, there is an outright necessity to plan regularly, exploit the positives, and counteract the negatives. According to Maennig and Zi mbalist (2012), planning and organizing are indispensable in making Brazil benefit from the 2016 Rio de Janeiro Olympics. Infrastructural Capacity of Brazil to Host the 2016 Olympics The management of sporting mega-events requires an evaluation of the infrastructural capacity of the city/country to hold the events. The International Olympics Committee (IOC) expressed their doubts concerning the infrastructural capacity of Rio de Janeiro to host the Olympic Games (Curi, Knijnik Mascarenhas 2011). The infrastructure refers to the basic ultimate facilities and systems serving the city of Rio de Janeiro. These facilities include the transportation, communication, and power systems among many others. In a typical corporate world, businesses also require these facilities to thrive. The infrastructural capabilities of Brazil were tested by the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Even though Rio de Janeiro hosted some of the matches, it cannot be concluded that the city has adequate facilities for the mega-event. Unlike the World Cup, which takes place in multiple cities, the Olympics takes place in a single city (Andersson, Armbrect Lundberg 2008). Consequently, many people will be concentrated in one place, unlike in the World Cup when people spread over numerous cities. The concentration of people in the City of Rio de Janeiro implies that there will be pressure on the infrastructural facilities during the 2016 Olympics than during the 2014 World Cup. Therefore, the management of the 2016 Rio Olympics should not rely on the previous experience of the FIFA World Cup (Andersson, Armbrect Lundberg 2008). The IOC has set its requirements, which are different from those established by FIFA. The assessment of the pre-Olympics has indicated that about 49750 rooms will satisfy the IOC’s demands (Curi, Knijnik Mascarenhas 2011). The sporting mega-events management also requires planning for the extreme situations. Rio de Janeiro has put in place the necessary plans of using condominium and cruise ships in case of the over demand for accommodation. In terms of transportation, the Brazilian authorities have plans to construct the roads linking the Olympic zones (Fourie Santana-Gallego 2011). Financial Capacity of Rio de Janeiro to Host the Olympics The preparation for the Olympics necessitated the Brazilian authorities to prepare a report on how it will finance the mega-event. Brazil reported that it had allotted about US $240 billion for the 2016 Olympics sporting mega-event (Haddad Hahhad 2010). These finances were allocated from the Federal Governments Plan for Accelerated Growth (PAC). According to Haddad and Hahhad (2010), the federal government has offered the required financial support, educational developments, ecological conversation, and social programs for the poor among the other positive developments. This consideration for the poor implies that the management of the Olympics in Brazil has learnt from the past events, in which the wealthy were the only beneficiaries of the event (Atkinson et al. 2008). Prior to the acceptance of the bid to host the Olympics, the Brazilian government had guaranteed three important things: to cover any possible economic shortfalls of the Organizing Committee of the Olympic Games (OCOG), finance OCOG and non-OCOG budget, and cover any refunds of the IOC advance payments (Curi, Knijnik Mascarenhas 2011). Curi, Knijnik, and Mascarenhas (2011) point out that prior to granting the Olympics, the federal government has to ensure a strong financial backing. Some of the revenue-generating activities expected during the mega-event include sponsorship sales, licensing and merchandising, and ticketing (Atkinson et al. 2008). According to Atkinson et al. (2008), the revenues generated from these activities will be complemented by the broadcast and commercial contributions secured by the IOC (Atkinson et al. 2008). The government or private sector expenditures on the infrastructure have been anticipated to encompass the already committed and continuing investments of about US $4 billion on the following projects: airport and subway construction and enhancement (Maennig Zimbalist 2012). According to the financial analysis of the mega-event, the budget of the OCOG does not presume any capital contribution to the development of the legacy venues, other than for the coverage of the games (Maennig Zimbalist 2012). According to the IOC, the balance of expenditures by OCOG is to be financed by the Brazilian public sector, which involves the funds from the government, state, and federal commitment. The financial plan and operating expenses of OCOG are expected to be about US $2.9 billion (Maennig Zimbalist 2012). The budget included the capital investment in transportation and sports venues (Maennig Zimbalist 2012). The Security Capacity of Rio de Janeiro to Host the Olympics Security is one of the key concerns for the IOC. The Brazilian government has the responsibility of cleaning up the areas deemed insecure in order to make them suitable for numerous tourists (Curi, Knijnik Mascarenhas 2011). However, having hosted the 2014 FIFA World Cup, the government had partly, or wholly, addressed the issues relating to security. Accordingly, Rio de Janeiro is in good time to make numerous improvements before 2016. Curi, Knijnik, and Mascarenhas (2011) point out that the government has initiated some projects to improve the quality and capacity of the police in the preparation for the Olympic bid, as well as the FIFA World Cup. Besides improving the capability and quality of the police force, the Brazilian authorities are using another method in order to fight against the crimes by making international headlines with the invasion of favelas (Walker et al. 2010). For a region to be regarded a favela, it must have at least 51 houses. In other words, favelas refer to slums in Brazil, and often are regarded as settlements for the landless people. As of 2000, Rio de Janeiro had about 811 favelas, but it is likely that the number of them has increased since then (Walker et al. 2010). The slums are a threat to the 2016 Olympics because of the insecurity they pose. The security financing for Rio de Janeiro should necessary cover the employment of the Unidade de Policia Pacificadora (UPP) and other security forces (Andersson, Armbrect Lundberg 2008). According to Fourie and Santana-Gallego (2011), without these forces, the slums can become the areas of drug and child trafficking. On the other hand, in the Brazilian slums, the drug traffickers might enforce the control and order in the community even in the absence of the UPP. The Brazilian government hopes to manage all the slums in Rio de Janeiro before the 2016 Olympics (Ma et al. 2011). This paper has discussed the management of the Rio de Janeiro 2016 Olympics in the light of three crucial factors: finance, security, and infrastructure. Similar to a typical business, the success of Rio de Janeiro Olympics is also affected by the management of these factors. The infrastructure refers to the basic fundamental facilities and systems serving the city of Rio de Janeiro. These facilities include the transportation, communication, and power systems, among many others. In terms of finance, Brazil reported about allocating US $240 billion for the 2016 Olympics sporting mega-event. Some of the revenue-generating activities expected during the Olympics include sponsorship sales, licensing and merchandising, and ticketing. Security is a threat to the event because it might scare off the tourists from attending the event. The effective management of the three factors could result in the economic benefits for the whole country.

Signed vs. Unsigned in Programming

Signed vs. Unsigned in Programming The term unsigned in computer programming indicates a variable that can hold only positive numbers. The term signed in computer code indicates that a variable can hold negative and positive values.  The property can be applied to most of the numeric data types including int, char, short and long. Unsigned Variable Type of Integer An unsigned variable type of int can hold zero and positive numbers, and a signed int holds negative, zero and positive numbers. In 32-bit integers, an unsigned integer has a range of 0 to 232-1 0 to 4,294,967,295 or about 4 billion. The signed version goes from -231-1 to 231, which is –2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647 or about -2 billion to 2 billion. The range is the same, but it is shifted on the number line.   An int type in C, C, and C# is signed by default. If negative numbers are involved, the programmer must change to unsigned. Unsigned Char In the case of chars, which are only 1 byte, the range of an unsigned char is 0 to 256, while the range of a signed char is -127 to 127. Stand-Alone Type Specifiers and Other Usages Unsigned (and signed) can also serve as standalone type specifiers, but when either is used alone, they default  to int. Objects of type long can be declared as signed long or unsigned long. Signed long is the same as long because signed is the default. The same applies to long and short.​

Transport Demand Management in National Parks Dissertation

Transport Demand Management in National Parks - Dissertation Example Lyndhurst is a civil parish and village located at England’s new Forest in Hampshire. The village forms the administrative center of the New Forest, which bears the district council. It is a popular tourist attraction center and has numerous independent shops, cafes, hotels, restaurants, pubs, art galleries and an 18-hole golf course. These facilities cater for the demands of local population and the tourists. According to the Census data of 2001, Lyndhurst had a population of 2,973 of which, 37% were economically active, 20% are the retired and only 2% are not employed. The average age is 47 years. 77% of the property is owner occupied while 23% is rented (COUNCIL FOR THE PROTECTION OF RURAL ENGLAND, 1988). Lyndhurst is 14 kilometers away from Southampton city to the North-east. Geographically, Lyndhurst village forms the meeting point on the route A35 which runs from the Southampton City to the northeast to Lymington town, situated on the south coast. This link creates a very large volume of traffic, which prompts the usage of one way. Most of the motorists miss parking spaces while seeking for refreshments, meals or even when making stopovers. During season of summer, the traffic swells because of the tourist inflow in to the region. As a result, there is limited space for parking. Transport Demand Management is a strategy that applies programs, policies, products and services to trim down the travel order especially among the private vehicle users or restructure the travel demand in to time and space. Actually, the Transport Demand management deals with Transit improvements, Transit incentives, Pay-as-drive insurance, Parking management/pricing and Road pricing. Several studies points out to the growth of economy as the primary reason behind establishing a good parking management, organization, supervision and parking pricing without incorporating other factors like the repercussions on health, time spending and emotional frustrations that come up with limited parking space. According to Fischer (2009),  the Transport Demand Management strategy controls the parking prices and the amount of parking available in all the public places across the UK. Transport Demand Management benefits the local communities by lowering their healthcare costs, reducing traffic congestion, increasing their return from investments on transit, carpooling, cycling and public transport systems (Black & Schreffler, 2010). The employers may get low parking rates and better employee retention where as the individuals gain by saving time and costs of delay, convenience and good health (Black, 1997). This collateral research paper explores the proposition of Transport Demand Management is to push for best option available towards solving problems related to the limited parking space in Lyndhurst. Policies on Parking Management The developers should provide the localities with the minimum space for every type of development depending on the magnitude of the development. The costs of developments determines the pricing for parking spaces, as such, parking seem to be offered

Discussion 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discussion 5 - Essay Example Marx himself, in The Communist Manifesto, talks about how the industrial society was an improvement over the previously existing system of â€Å"the feudal system of industry†, where guilds monopolized the working of the proletariat (Marx 7). This in turn, was an improvement over the system of landed aristocracy that held all the means of production with itself. Labour too, in as much as it was free, was owned by the landed gentry. According to Marx, the transition from this social arrangement to that which was brought about by the Industrial Revolution would lead to the uniting of the workers resulting in an awareness of what the problems of their community was. This, Marx predicted, would result in widespread discontent that would eventually lead to a revolution. It is this revolution that according to Marx and Engels would lead to the formation of the new society. Discontent is not necessarily an indication of a miserable situation. On the other hand, it indicates the begin ning of the period of awareness that is evident from the large number of revolutions against authority that the world has seen after industrial societies came into being.

The death of the sun and the philosophical implications for humanity Research Paper

The death of the sun and the philosophical implications for humanity - Research Paper Example But just like any other forms of life or entities that exist in the universe, the Sun will eventually die. Scientists have pointed out that in a billion years, our Sun will run out of energy and die. That one important detail draws questions, let alone fear, about what could be the implications after the death of our sun. Every life form on our planet, as we know it, depends on our Sun. Humans, plants, animals, and even non-living objects need the Sun. For us, humans, almost all of our daily activities are associated with the energy that we get from the Sun. It enables us to function properly. Every morning when we wake up, the rising of the sun signals to start our day. It sheds light for us to see our surroundings. It emits heat to keep ourselves warm. It can help produce electricity especially in areas that cannot be reached by power lines. It can make our physical bodies healthy. It can be used to cook food for us to eat. These are just some of the many examples on how our Sun af fects and helps our daily lives. Though you can enumerate a lot of things how the Sun is beneficial to mankind, there are also hazards that come with it. Though the Sun can beneficial with regards to our health, it can also do harm to our bodies. Worse, it can also take away lives of people and other forms of life. The Sun also has the capacity to destroy buildings, houses, even forests and habitats of animals. Not only was the Sun valuable to mankind as a source of energy, it also played a part on affecting people’s way of thinking and belief. The light that the Sun emits symbolizes hope, truth, or renewal to some people (Stanford.edu). Anything that has a beginning also has an end. And so it goes with the Sun. Eventually, it will use up all its energy and die. There had been a lot of speculations regarding what will happen to mankind when the sun dies and science tells us that our species nor any life on earth will not be able to witness this astronomical even because all l ife on earth will have already died a hundred thousand years before the sun stops shining. But it is not possible to imagine life without light from the sun and the circumstances that mankind may face after the sun stops shining. Almost all of us are accustomed to see everything around us thanks to the light that our Sun provides. But what if there’s no Sun? It’s as almost as we’re putting ourselves in the shoes of a totally blind person. Imagine a world engulfed with darkness because of the absence of our Sun. When you go home at night, the first thing that you do is to instinctively look for the switch to turn on the lights. Now imagine a world where there’s no switch to turn on the lights at your home. Even when you go outside, there’s nothing to see but the little bright dots at the sky that we call â€Å"stars†. Our moon would not even be there because no other light source would make it shine. Without the Sun, the plants in our planet would cease to exist. The light that the Sun emits is essential for the plants to create food to be able to survive. Let’s not forget the important fact that the plants are responsible for producing oxygen in our environment. So, without the sun, there would be no plants to generate oxygen and that means humans, and animals would not be able to survive (Gamow 2). Not having a Sun also means our planet would travel across the universe aimlessly because of the gravitational pull of the sun that keeps the Earth on its orbit (Appell). These

Organizational Communication Issue of Toyota Research Paper

Organizational Communication Issue of Toyota - Research Paper Example But apologies regarding how the whole situation of information shared and communication with public has been done came much later. Toyota through press releases responded to the government, NHTSA’s queries and through this releases it tried to defend itself by refuting the claims made by Toyota users regarding the possible cause of faults in the vehicle. But in spite of this, Toyota had to pay a $16.4 million fine to NHTSA in USA on April 19, 2010. It was found out that Toyota face media scrutiny which leads to increased confusion of stake holders and their criticism and questions. Toyota’s failure to respond to the public and government in transparent way and it denied the problem until asked to take actions (May 100-107). An important function of organization is communication during crisis time. A crisis can cause financial loss, decreased confidence of stakeholders and buyers purchase intentions from the organization. To handle the communication training should be given to the spokesperson. To Lerbinger, Feran-Banks and Coombs, attention should be placed on media relation in crisis time. This was important for Toyota which gave late and vague response in media regarding recall of vehicle. Communication should include pre drafted messages from top management and news releases which can be used during crisis. Corporate Leadership Council  and Business Roundtable  supported the use of these templates. PR personnel will play a key role in drafting these messages. A separate website can be created for a crisis situation or a section in existing website could be devoted to deal with these. Stakeholders and media turn up to internet during crisis situation. Taylor and Kent in 2007 persuaded the use of internet during organizational crisis. Quick response by informing the media and stakeholders about the cause and nature of crisis from the side of organization is very necessary or

Response for Vygotsky Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Response for Vygotsky - Essay Example Vygotsky suggests that Piaget is using adult thinking to solve a child’s actual thought process. Both views have merit to a degree, but Vygotsky’s view can help expand a child’s education from what is to what can be. The zone of proximal development is the ability of the child to mimic or learn through group intervention. The zone of proximal development is the abilities the child can be taught. Vygotsky feels that the child should be judged on the level of zone proximal development. Vygotsky gave an example about two children being on the same level in actual development, but having a different zone of proximal development. Vygotsky asserts that children having a different zone of proximal development will not experience the same level of actual development. Piaget does not agree with the zone of proximal development, but rather asserts that the test of actual development is the level a child should be judged by. Piaget feels current tests of actual development are the true measure of the child’s ability. Vygotsky’s method contends that the zone of proximal development is not just potential. For example, a child might mimic a simple behavior that they can grasp like a simple math problem. However, if an advanced mathematics was introduced, no matter how many times demonstrated, the child would not pick up the skill. The zone of proximal development is what a child can achieve with help, not impossible tasks beyond their level of development. The zone of proximal development leads to actual development according to Vygotsky. His point of view is tests like Piaget uses only test the actual development, not the actual ability to develop or the rate of development. Learning and development are never on an equal basis. The development is either before or after learning. The two are not parallel in relation to each other. Vygotsky also pointed out that animals do not have a zone of proximal

GS1 Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

GS1 Report - Essay Example Currently, GS1 is the most widely used global supply chain standards system, through it, any organization irrespective of size or geo-relocation can order, trace, deliver and pay for goods along the supply chain. One of the primary techniques used to streamline the supply chain from the raw materials to the manufacturing stage is the use of barcodes; they play a central role in GS1’s functionality. They are a global standard language and they transcend language barriers which have retrospectively posed a serious challenge to the globalization of trade (Crichton 2008). Since their introduction by GS1 as part of the global standardization process, the speed and accuracy of transactions have significantly improved. For the last three decades, GS1 has delivered enterprise solutions and simplified execution of global standards for use in local and transnational supply chains. The chief purpose of GS1 standards is the provision of a structure that facilitates express and operative m ovement of, goods, service and corresponding information. The formation of GS1 was occasioned by a merger between the Uniform Code Council (UCC) and the European Article Numbering (EAN International) in a 1990 cooperative agreement in which they agreed to formally co-manage global standards. The organization has extensive latitude and it governs a global notational membership of over 100 encompassing millions in the 24 industrial sectors. It is highly dynamic and has maintained an exponential growth rate primarily because of its profit reinvestment strategy; all the extra revenues generated by its activities are channeled back to further develop the organization. Supply Chain Management A well designed supply chain is crucial in the quest to expedite day to day business operations so as to reduce the complexity of trade between organizations both locally and internationally. To this end, it is essential that business maintain a set of universal standards, which makes for easier deci sion making in terms of which hardware, software or services need to be purchased or used. Furthermore, universal standards ensure collaboration between traders throughout the supply chain such that identification and sharing of items as well as calculations of quantities across the board can be smoothened. In the long run, this benefit all the stakeholders since goods become easily available and accessible and service provision is more efficient; for instance, in the medical field, errors are reduced and patient safety enhanced. GS1 also plays a key role in combating counterfeit products since it facilitates global traceability and authentication. Relative to the principle of Global Standard, GS1 keeps four global trading products namely; Barcodes, Electronic Business Messaging (eCom), Global Data Synchronization Network (GDSN) and EPC global. They also provide services such as; Customer Service, Education and Training and Barcode Testing (Moore 2009). In lieu with the new technolo gical development that have been integrated into the business environment, information supply and authentication of data is made easier through the Go scan app that allow users to scan a products barcode and access the product data online. The Shoe Size

Organizational Communication Issue of Toyota Research Paper

Organizational Communication Issue of Toyota - Research Paper Example But apologies regarding how the whole situation of information shared and communication with public has been done came much later. Toyota through press releases responded to the government, NHTSA’s queries and through this releases it tried to defend itself by refuting the claims made by Toyota users regarding the possible cause of faults in the vehicle. But in spite of this, Toyota had to pay a $16.4 million fine to NHTSA in USA on April 19, 2010. It was found out that Toyota face media scrutiny which leads to increased confusion of stake holders and their criticism and questions. Toyota’s failure to respond to the public and government in transparent way and it denied the problem until asked to take actions (May 100-107). An important function of organization is communication during crisis time. A crisis can cause financial loss, decreased confidence of stakeholders and buyers purchase intentions from the organization. To handle the communication training should be given to the spokesperson. To Lerbinger, Feran-Banks and Coombs, attention should be placed on media relation in crisis time. This was important for Toyota which gave late and vague response in media regarding recall of vehicle. Communication should include pre drafted messages from top management and news releases which can be used during crisis. Corporate Leadership Council  and Business Roundtable  supported the use of these templates. PR personnel will play a key role in drafting these messages. A separate website can be created for a crisis situation or a section in existing website could be devoted to deal with these. Stakeholders and media turn up to internet during crisis situation. Taylor and Kent in 2007 persuaded the use of internet during organizational crisis. Quick response by informing the media and stakeholders about the cause and nature of crisis from the side of organization is very necessary or

GS1 Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

GS1 Report - Essay Example Currently, GS1 is the most widely used global supply chain standards system, through it, any organization irrespective of size or geo-relocation can order, trace, deliver and pay for goods along the supply chain. One of the primary techniques used to streamline the supply chain from the raw materials to the manufacturing stage is the use of barcodes; they play a central role in GS1’s functionality. They are a global standard language and they transcend language barriers which have retrospectively posed a serious challenge to the globalization of trade (Crichton 2008). Since their introduction by GS1 as part of the global standardization process, the speed and accuracy of transactions have significantly improved. For the last three decades, GS1 has delivered enterprise solutions and simplified execution of global standards for use in local and transnational supply chains. The chief purpose of GS1 standards is the provision of a structure that facilitates express and operative m ovement of, goods, service and corresponding information. The formation of GS1 was occasioned by a merger between the Uniform Code Council (UCC) and the European Article Numbering (EAN International) in a 1990 cooperative agreement in which they agreed to formally co-manage global standards. The organization has extensive latitude and it governs a global notational membership of over 100 encompassing millions in the 24 industrial sectors. It is highly dynamic and has maintained an exponential growth rate primarily because of its profit reinvestment strategy; all the extra revenues generated by its activities are channeled back to further develop the organization. Supply Chain Management A well designed supply chain is crucial in the quest to expedite day to day business operations so as to reduce the complexity of trade between organizations both locally and internationally. To this end, it is essential that business maintain a set of universal standards, which makes for easier deci sion making in terms of which hardware, software or services need to be purchased or used. Furthermore, universal standards ensure collaboration between traders throughout the supply chain such that identification and sharing of items as well as calculations of quantities across the board can be smoothened. In the long run, this benefit all the stakeholders since goods become easily available and accessible and service provision is more efficient; for instance, in the medical field, errors are reduced and patient safety enhanced. GS1 also plays a key role in combating counterfeit products since it facilitates global traceability and authentication. Relative to the principle of Global Standard, GS1 keeps four global trading products namely; Barcodes, Electronic Business Messaging (eCom), Global Data Synchronization Network (GDSN) and EPC global. They also provide services such as; Customer Service, Education and Training and Barcode Testing (Moore 2009). In lieu with the new technolo gical development that have been integrated into the business environment, information supply and authentication of data is made easier through the Go scan app that allow users to scan a products barcode and access the product data online. The Shoe Size

Urban Growth and Environmental Decay Essay Example for Free

Urban Growth and Environmental Decay Essay Although history may be seen as a tapestry portraying the wars and conquests of humankind, it may also be seen as the continuous expansion of human presence in the planet, the domestication of animals, and the reshaping of natural environment into one that fits the needs of humans. Humans are always chasing after the next frontier, oftentimes compromising the environmental cleanliness and healthiness of their very own surroundings (Haughton Hunter, 2003). The history of San Francisco is also characterized by a continuous expansion and chasing after the proverbial next frontier. Brechin (2001) in his book, Imperial San Francisco: Urban Power, Earthly Ruin explores the history of San Francisco and challenges the stereotypical view that the city is tolerant. By tracing through 150 years of the city’s history, the author was able to uncover grievous features of the city’s history. San Francisco was one of the major sites of the Gold Rush in the mid nineteenth century. The founding members of the society, usually from the South, engaged in mining coal and other minerals in the area. This resulted to the environmental devastation of wet lands, streams and forests of San Francisco (Brechin, 2001). The aristocracy who managed most of the mining industry derived tremendous profit from such industry. These profits were then diverted into other endeavors such as the exploitation of forests, currency speculation and extraction of oil. As a result of the process, several towns were destroyed. The forest region around Lake Tahoe diminished drastically, a wide area of farmland were buried by the onslaught of mining debris, leading to the contamination of the soil and bodies of water around the area. In addition to this, Brechin (2001) underscores that the research on nuclear power started at the University of California and was completed in the Manhattan Project. The price of progress is staggering! Although San Francisco, today, is a famous city and frequented by tourists, such progress was attained at such a big cost to the environment and consequently, the cost will be transferred to the future generations. San Francisco, according to Brechin (2001) epitomizes the city in the Atomic Age, together with the environmental havoc that it brings. The example of San Francisco is also being repeated in developing countries. A lot of people are now migrating from the countryside into the cities. This trend makes the cities crowded, unsustainable in terms of the people’s use of the environment and causes pollution. In spite of these environmental issues, these cities are experiencing economic growth. The question, however, is that until when will this growth be experienced? (Evans, 2002). The presence of economic growth alongside environmental decay is also present in Africa, where most of nations in the region are developing ones. Although the efforts of these countries for development are bearing fruit, the environmental issues and problems being experienced by these countries in the continent are the result of activities geared toward making them more developed. The population of elephants in Africa has been greatly affected because of the desire of people to amass wealth from their tusks (Tesi, 2000). Urban growth attracts people from less developed areas of any given country. As such, they would need to have jobs, use the resources available in their environment and sustain their lives. Along the process, the ecological balance is affected. As shown by the experience of San Francisco, as well as by the African continent, economic growth is accompanied by the degradation of the environment. Reference Brechin, G. (2001). The Environment and Development in Africa. California: University of California Press. Evans, P. B. (2002). Livable Cities? : Urban Struggles for Livelihood and Sustainability. California: University of California Press. Haughton, G. , Hunter, G. (2003). Sustainable Cities. London: Routledge. Tesi, M. K. (2000). The Environment and Development in Africa. New York: Lexington Books.

Summary Of The Wedding Novel English Literature Essay

Summary Of The Wedding Novel English Literature Essay One of the most anticipated events of this special month is the wedding of one of the daughters of New Berns best lawyer, Wilson Lewis. His daughter Anna is finally engaged to her long time boyfriend, Keith, and to make it more special their getting married at the date Wilson and his wife, Jane, got married. However, there was one problem; they only got one week to prepare this wedding. How can everything be possible? Preparing this wedding wasnt easy but soon all their hard work paid off. The wedding will take place in Noah Calhouns house and garden, the place where Jane grew up and the place where Janes sister, Kate, also got married. This place was special for the whole family, but a week ago this house was a complete disaster. It had been abandoned for years since Noah and his late wife, Allie moved into Creekside. Miracle, I thought, was the reason why from where I am looking now this place was magnificent. http://www.sweetgumbottom.com/images/garden-weddings_header.jpg Not only did they finished this house in a matter of days, they were also able to get a photographer, a caterer provided by Henry MacDonald, and a musician, John Peterson, to play during the wedding and the reception. All may seem impossible but they did it. Everything was perfect and the one thing I admired the most was the rose garden designed with five beautiful hearts. No doubt for sure that they spent a lot of money, from my early conversation with Wilson, he does not have one bit of regret as long as his daughter is happy at her wedding. It had been a long wait and finally John Peterson began to play the piano and I knew at that very moment the bride is on her way to the aisle. To my surprise, Anna was not a bride. She was just an ordinary guess wearing the same dress as her sister, Leslie. I was confused at first but when Jane walked in her dress with a bridal veil and a bouquet, I knew she was the bride we were all waiting for. This is one of the most unforgettable weddings that ever happened here in New Bern. Not only was there twist in the end, we also gained so much knowledge about love in this wedding. We come to realize that love is not just a word but the action you take to make it happen. Wilson and Jane had a tough thirty years of marriage but they learned to be love and fall in love all over again. Anything is possible when it comes to love so never ever give up on it! The Wedding by Nicholas Sparks contains a lot of cause and effect relationships towards the two main characters. The novel started of on August 23, 2002 when Wilson forgot about their twenty-ninth anniversary. This was the day Wilson finally comes to understand that Jane might have fallen out of love with him. Forgetting their anniversary was not the only reason why they grew apart. All of the causes built up to one strong force that strike down the bowling pins in just one hit. First of all, Jane and Wilson grew up from two completely different families. Wilson growing up mostly alone as both his parents work as one of the most trusted lawyers in Washington, D.C., never experienced what love really is. He never knew the exact meaning of romance or even how to be romantic. In the other hand, Jane grew up in a family full of love, romance, and happiness. Through her parents is where Jane learned what love truly is. Another major cause occurred at their own wedding. Every girl in this world wants their dream wedding to come to reality. However, Jane never got hers. Wilson wanting to start a law firm as a new law graduate did not want to spend more money than needed. Also as a man, Wilson wanted to pay for the expenses of the wedding from his own pocket. He didnt want to rely on anyone especially to Janes parents. Then their honeymoon didnt even last a whole weekend since he has to get back to work right away. As the new provider for the family, Wilson wanted the best for his family. He wants his children, Anna, Joseph, and Leslie, to have a good education and a good life. He achieved this by spending almost every minute of his life working. Spending little time at home brought major consequences. He left the responsibility of raising kids to Jane. He missed birthdays, school plays, and soccer games. Wilson basically missed his children growing up. Lastly, Wilson forgot about their anniversary after being drowned in work the whole day. This became the turning point of what seems to be the end of their happy marriage. Jane and Wilson now barely speak to each other. Even though, they live in one roof, it seems like neither of them exist. Jane then fled to New York to their son, Joseph, to spend some time to think and according to Joseph, Jane was crying ever since he picked her up the airport to the minute she dropped her back. That she didnt want to come back but she knew she had to because Wilson needs her. All these made Wilson realize that he can never live life without Jane, since because the day they met until now his love for his wife grew more and stronger. The second cause and effect that occurred in this novel was the day after the forgotten anniversary, when Wilson finally realize that he has to do something that will make Jane fall in love with him all over again. First, he started to wake up extra early to walk around the neighborhood and loss some weight. Luckily, he got another chance to prove that he can change when Anna announces that she was getting married. Wilson became a big help in the wedding. Since Jane has been constantly busy he started to cook dinner for them and when Jane needed help with anything he was always there. He helped arrange the guest list, caterer, rentals, music, and most especially Noahs house, where the wedding and the reception will be held. With the help of Noah, Wilson learned to become more romantic and start to express his feelings to Jane more often. When everything was going smoothly, Wilson decided to arrange a romantic dinner Thursday evening before the day of the wedding. He taped a note to the front door saying, Welcome home, darling. Your surprise awaits you insideà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Sparks 207). When Jane opened up the door she saw a living room full of lit candles, scattered rose petals on the floor, and another note. Each note brings in another task that will bring Jane closer to where Wilson was. After Jane took a bath and refreshed herself, a limousine that will reveal the place where shell meet Wilson, awaits her The limousine arrived in front of Noahs house. Jane, blindfolded, was surprised the second she was finally able to open her eyes. The house looked the same exact way it did the years when Jane was growing. Then on the porch, was a romantic table Wilson set up for their dinner date. When Wilson was cooking their dinner, he asked Jane to grab his apron in her room upstairs, but instead of an apron Jane found a letter. The letter contained every memory they made together, Wilsons feelings towards Jane that he was not able to show, all his regrets, and sincere apology of every minute he wasted in the office not realizing that everything is falling out of place. Together with that letter was a photo album, which has pictures of the two of them through the years. Wilson took every small step to court his wife and everything step became worthwhile when Jane learned to love him all over again. Wilsons biggest step was when he finally revealed his secret. The wedding Jane thought was for her daughter, Anna, was actually her wedding all along. Wilson was finally able to give Jane the wedding she always wanted. A year worth of planning became a complete success. At that day, Wilson discovered that second chances can really happen, I learned that its possible for two people to fall in love all over again, even when theres a lifetime of disappointment between them (Sparks 263). Even if, your second chance can be your last chance, it will never hurt to try. You will never know, maybe this second chance can be start of a new beginning in your life. I am not lying when I say that Nicholas Sparks is my favorite author of all time. Your books were the ones who changed my views towards reading. It always brings out the fun in reading and brings out every emotion of a human being has. We laugh, we get angry, we cry, and we learn to love. Your books not only bring emotions but also provide valuable lessons that can be used in reality. Ive read a lot of your written works. For example, Ive read A Walk to Remember, Dear John, At First Sight, the Last Song, and The Wedding. All these books have different stories, but they share one thing in common, they contain a twist of faith in each of its major characters. Anything you least expect always happen that stop us, readers, from closing the book. I am not afraid to say that I cried in each of these books I read written by you. If only I have all the time in the world, Ill be honored to read every novel you ever written. As a great author, most of your books had been turn to movies. However, I hate it when they change the story from the book and sort of ruined it. The only ones that are not greatly ruined in my opinion were The Last Song and A Walk to Remember. I also do not like it when others who enjoyed the movies do not even give any honor to you and your work. You are the reason why we have phenomenal movies like The Notebook that almost every American still enjoy to this day. You are really the best and I hope that youll continue to write more beautiful novels and inspired many more of your readers like me.

Evolution of the Automobile Industry and Henry Ford Essay -- Essays Pa

Evolution of the Automobile Industry and Henry Ford Henry Ford, "the high priest of efficiency," was the tinkerer-craftsman who produced one of many horseless carriages, the automobile. Nearly three years after his only son was born in 1893, Ford succeeded in producing his first car. After months of vigorous work and two final sleepless nights, the Quadricycle tolled out of Ford's garage. The Quadricycle was a primitive machine, with a tiller for a steering wheel, bicycle tires, a bicycle seat and a bicycle chain to transfer the power of the engine to the wheels. Engine-manufacturing plants did not exist, so Ford's car was constructed entirely by hand, with common parts recycled into new uses. A house doorbell was the horn. The two cylinders were made from scrap pipe rescued from an old steam engine, honed and then cut in half (Taub 17-18). An attempt to create one of the first automobiles was Charles King. However, his car weighed three times the amount of Ford's attempt at 500 pounds. While King's car could only make five miles per hour, the speed of a brisk walk, Ford's automobile reached up to 20 miles per hour. Since Ford lacked factory experience, the company folded before a single car could be produced and sold. A convincing win in a 1901 automobile race attracted a new group of supporters for Henry Ford's industry. "With fifty-thousand dollars in capitalization, these supporters set up the Henry Ford Company. But Ford could not set his mind to designing and building the low-cost cars in which he claimed he was interested (Taub 18)." By 1903, Ford designed another car, the Model A. This came with a two-cylinderengine developing eight horse power, capable speeds up to thirty miles per hour. H... ...ster. Henry Ford's invention of the automobile led to many opportunities that people had never before dreamed of. This new invention is one of the main factors that has built our nation to where it is today. Through all of the different models of the automobile, we have evolved to where we are today. Works Cited - Barker, Ronald. Automobile Design: Twelve Great Designers and Their Work. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc., 1992. - Clymer, Floyd. Henry's Wonderful Model T 1908-1927. New York: Bonanza Books, 1955. - Meyer, Stephen III. The Five Dollar Day: Labor Management and Social Control in the Ford Motor Company 1908-1921. Albany: State of University of New York Press, 1981. - Taub, Eric. Tavrus: The Making of the Car That Saved Ford. New York: Dulton Book, Penguin Group, 1991.

Defining the Conception on God Essay -- Baruch Spinoza, philosophical a

What must be factual for anything to be factual, what must exist for anything to be in existence? For Spinoza, before you can fully comprehend Ethics you have to be familiar with metaphysics. Metaphysic concerns itself with the fundamental principles that characterize all; metaphysic is the ground from which everything comes from. This is the rationale for why he initiates Ethics with God and nature as an entirety before he ever begins to converse on the human mind. Spinoza was anti-religious in his stance; he did not articulate of a God on a theological or religious aspect but as a metaphysic aspect on the nature of reality. Spinoza concurs with the religious conception that there is in reality an intimate relationship between man and God but not by the Christian notion on the relationship, his ideas on this connection is very diverse from those views of Christians. Spinoza believed nature to be one and god to be one. This is to pronounce that the mind and body are equally truthful and human nature is actually one in itself. This consideration demonstrates that man is united to God in Spinoza’s observation. Spinoza uses the geometrical method to help those understand God and human nature, he knew one would have to follow the natural order of entities because before one can fully comprehend human nature, they have to be aware of the basic truth of the nature of reality as a whole. To truly understand God and the order of nature you must first establish an understanding of the universal laws of nature, Spinoza use of the geometrical method helps do just that. The geometrical method is very logically and is used to recognize the basic truths of nature from the start and the laws that govern thought and extension, this being all th... ...ruly desires is one free. The power of God itself which is in all of us in some sense a lesser or greater degree. This is also to say that existence just doesn’t happen to exist, it necessary because it is infinite and eternal. Existence is what has to exist for anything to exist, so if anything exists than is in fact God who exists. With the use of the geometrical method, Spinoza is able to identify and make the conception of God intelligible to one. Giving one the ability to understand God and the human nature so that one can fully understand Ethics by this method. Since one cannot fully comprehend human nature until they are aware of the basic truth of the nature of reality. For the human mind to have the basic substance to understand oneself including nature and God, by thought and extension, showing that every mind is in fact capable of understanding God.

Amir character in the novel “The Kite Runner” Essay

The character of Amir goes through drastic changes as he moves from adolescence to adulthood. As a child Amir begins his life in Kabul, where his character is shaped through conflicts with his father and Hassan. Later, when he moves to America he leaves these conflicts behind and is able to create a stronger relationship with his father. However, when Amir is an adult he is called back to Afghanistan by an old friend to confront these earlier conflicts. In The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini, observable changes can be seen in Amir’s character as he moves from Kabul, Fremont, and later back to Kabul. In the beginning of the novel one encounters a self-centered young boy, who lives a notably privileged life. He has a great friend, his father is wealthy, and he belongs to the upper social class in Afghanistan. However, a troubled relationship with his father deprives him of the affection he longs for, which he blames on himself. He believes Baba wishes he was more like him, and that Baba holds him responsible for killing his mother, who died during his birth. For example, when Baba tells Rahim Khan that, â€Å"If I hadn’t seen the doctor pull him out of wife with my own eyes, I’d never believe he’s my son† (Hosseini 25). As a result Amir behaves jealously toward anyone receiving Baba’s affection, especially Hassan. This causes Amir to resent bringing Hassan around Baba, even if it’s just for a short time. This is evident when Amir states, â€Å"He asked me to fetch Hassan too, but I lied and told him Hassan had the runs. I wanted Baba all to myself† (Hosseini 14). Although they are best friends, Amir feels that Hassan is beneath him because he is his Hazara servant. For instance, after the rape of Hassan Amir tries to justify his actions by stating that, â€Å"He was just a hazara, wasn’t he?† (Hosseini 82). At the same time, Amir never learns to defend himself or anyone else because Hassan always did it for him. After Hassan’s rape Amir realizes this explaining, â€Å"I ran because I was a coward. I was afraid of Assef and what he would do to me† (Hosseini 82). As Amir departs for America his character can be described as selfish and cowardly. When Baba and Amir arrive in Fremont his character changes considerably.  Amir adapts easier to life in America than Baba and no longer sees him as a legendary father but as a simple man. For example, when Baba becomes angry at a store clerk for asking to see his I.D. Amir is able to calm him down and defuse the situation. Amir explains to the store clerk that, â€Å"My father is still adjusting to life in America† (Hosseini 135). This new life helps Amir forget about Kabul and the sins he committed against Hassan. Amir reveals, â€Å"For me, America was a place to bury my memories† (Hosseini 129). In Fremont, Baba turns his attention to raising Amir, without the distractions of his business or Hassan to interfere with their new special connection. Amir has never been happier, not only from the new bond between him and Baba, but from his new wife as well. The marriage of Soraya and Amir can be seen as another substantial step in Amir’s maturity. Before the marriage Soraya told Amir about her struggle with her past relationship. Amir jealously announces after hearing this, â€Å"I envied her. Her secret was out â€Å"(Hosseini 174). When Soraya tells him this he envies the relief she must feel, which urges him to seek redemption with Hassan. Baba’s death can be seen as the final step in Amir’s journey of becoming a young adult because he understands that he will no longer be defined as Baba’s son. Amir realizes this when he says, â€Å"Baba wouldn’t show me the way anymore; I’d have to find it on my own† (Hosseini 188). Shortly after Baba’s death, his old friend Rahim Khan calls him to come back to Afghanistan to finally make amends. As Amir begins his journey back to Afghanistan, his character can be defined as empathic and loving. Once back in Kabul, Amir takes steps he would never have imagined, which truly define his character. On his venture back to Afghanistan he learns the truth about Hassan’s connection with Baba. After hearing this Amir feels robbed of the truth and is angry at how his own father could hold this back from him. Despite his feelings, Amir realizes he must not only pay for his betrayal of Hassan but for Baba’s betrayal of Ali too. Amir knows he must face his fears and he understands this when he reveals, â€Å"I remembered Baba saying that my problem was that someone had always done my fighting for me† (Hosseini 239). Following this he undertakes a personal mission to find Sohrab and finds the courage to stand up to the Taliban, nearly dying in the process. During his quest Amir comes face to face with the disturbing Assef  and fights him for Sorab, the ultimate sacrifice for his dead half-brother. While he is beaten he begins to laugh, which angers Assef even more. Amir explains that, â€Å"What was so funny was that, for the first time since the winter of 1975, I felt at peace† (Hosseini 303). After successfully bringing Sohrab back to California, Amir defends his Hazara nephew when General Taheri insults him. Over the dinner table Amir replies curtly, â€Å"you will never again refer to him as ‘Hazara Boy’ in my presence. He has a name and its Sohrab† (Hosseini 380). In the end, Amir finds himself flying a kite with Sohrab. As they fly the kite together the lifeless, empty look leaves Sohrab’s eyes and a half smile suddenly appears on his face. Amir exclaims, â€Å"The glassy vacant look in his eyes was gone. His face was a little flushed, his eyes suddenly alert† (Hosseini 389). Amir can now smile at his not so perfect past because he feels he has redeemed himself and his father. As the novel ends, Amir’s character can be characterized as selfless, brave, and compassionate. Amir’s character changes remarkably from when he is a young boy to a grown man. In Kabul, Amir’s character is damaged and he can be seen as a villain after incidents with Hassan. Once in Fremont, he is able to step away from these old sins and re-shape his character into a more loving one. Finally, when Amir returns to Kabul, he is able to seek redemption and become the perfect version of himself. In The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini, noticeable changes can be seen in Amir’s character as he transitions from a young boy to a grown man between Kabul and Fremont.

Research Planning Uop Res728

Research Planning Paper University of Phoenix – RES 728 Research Planning Paper Funding for domestic violence shelters in Sebastian County, Arkansas has decreased with the decline of the state’s economy beginning in 2010, when most manufacturing jobs were outsourced to foreign countries. Funding now primarily comes from private and non-profit sponsors and donors. This change in funding has brought about the need to be responsive to the wants and needs of not only the victims but also of the donors that provide the funding for the shelters.The expectations of the donors with regard to the role of paid employees referred to as advocates and the volunteers has also changed. The donors expect the advocates and volunteers to be on call 24 hours a day 7 days a week and the shelters’ executives have had to establish in written form the boundaries established for the role of employees and volunteers. The focus of this study will be the actual role of the employees and vo lunteers versus the perceived role of the employees and volunteers by the private and non-profit sponsors and donors.This study will require data to be gathered from all persons involved with the domestic violence shelters, which will include donors, executives, employees, and volunteers. The data that will be collected during this study will be relevant to the perceptions of the domestic violence shelters’ executives, employees, and volunteers’ role versus what the donors to the shelters perceive to be the roles of the people that work on either a paid or volunteer basis. The data collection methods will include participant observations, informal interviews, and open-ended questionnaires. Data Collection and Sampling StrategiesThe data will be collected during the annual fundraiser by observing the interactions of the donors with the executives, employees, and volunteers that are participating in the fund raiser. Observations of the way each cohort interacts with one another, whether there is respect shown toward the employees, volunteers, executives, and donors. According to Kawulich (2005), observations allow the researcher to see the nonverbal expressions, determine who interacts with whom, determine the manner in which communication takes place and to ascertain how much time is spent on the various interactions.Kawulich also posits that observation allows for the checking of definitions of certain terms used within the environment by the participants while also allowing the observation of the mannerisms of the participants that indicate their resolve not to be impolite, politically incorrect, or insensitive. The informal interviews according to Turner (2010), work well for the spontaneous generation of questions within the natural interaction that occurs with informal conversation. The informal interview will not have a predetermined number of or structure of questions.It is the feeling of Turner and this researcher that this would interfere with the flexibility and naturalness of the interviews. The main disadvantage to this method of data collection is the potential to stray from the research topic. The last method of data collection will be the use of open-ended questionnaires, which will have five questions for the participants to answer after receiving instruction about the data collection tool. According to Sapsford and Jupp (2006), the chief advantage of the questionnaire is that it can be administered to a group of people at the same time.Sapsford and Jupp posit that the main disadvantage to questionnaires is that some people will not return the questionnaire to the researcher. Data Management and Analysis According to Merriam (2009), the preferred method of data analysis is to perform the analysis during the data collection. Merriam posits that without ongoing analysis prevents confusion, inability to focus, and may allow the sheer volume of the data to become overwhelming for the researcher. Bogdan and Biklen (1998) as cited by Merriam (2009, p. 171) offer ten suggestions for analyzing data as it is collected.Those suggestions include: 1) Make decisions to narrow the study 2) Make decision about the type of study you want to accomplish 3) Develop analytic questions 4) Plan data collection sessions according to what was previously experienced 5) Record as many observer’s notes as possible as you go 6) Write memos to yourself about what you are learning 7) Try out ideas and themes on participants 8) Begin exploring the literature while in the field 9) Play with metaphors, analogies, and concepts 10) Use visual devices.Data collection and analysis could possibly go on forever but once the researcher has reached saturation or in other words, information starts repeating itself then the researcher knows it is time to stop the collection of data. Managing the data during the collection process requires that coding or the assignment of some sort of shorthand designation that will allow the researcher to find the information quickly and with ease (Merriam, 2009). Data analysis can be performed by hand by developing categories or themes for the data collected.Coding is the assignment of notations next to data as you read over the data. It is like marking in the side margin what you the researcher believes is potentially relevant to your research (Merriam, 2009). Assigning codes to the pieces of data is the way the researcher begins categorizing the data. This process is used for each set of data to be analyzed. Data analysis can also be performed with the use of modern technology such as the computer and software programs developed especially for qualitative data analysis such as CAQDAS (computer assisted qualitative data analysis software), MAXQDA, ATLAS. i, HyperRESEARCH and NVivo. Bazeley asserts that the use of technology for data analysis further than is possible when performing analysis by hand (2006). According to Leech and Onwuegbuzie (2007), CAQDAS programs provide an excellent tool for recording, storing, indexing, and sorting the voluminous data that are the hallmark of many qualitative research studies. Bazeley also posits that another advantage to using CAQDAS programs is that the programs can record all of the major analytic decisions that the researcher makes, which then leaves an audit trail.However, it is noted by Leech et al. , that even though programs can help the researcher analyze the data the program cannot analyze the data for the researcher. Denzin and Lincoln (2005) make the point that the researcher is still the main tool for analysis and the flexibility, creativity, insight, and intuition of the researcher should never be replaced by mechanical analysis of data. Conclusion The use of multiple data collection and analysis methods allows the researcher to use the strength of all chosen methods in order to get a better picture of what they are focusing on in the study.Using multiple qualitative data analysis tools can help researchers to address what Denzin and Lincoln (2005) refer to as the crisis of representation, namely, the difficulty in capturing lived experiences via text. Denzin and Lincoln posit that using multiple types of data collection and analysis makes the process of qualitative research more rigorous, which may make qualitative research even more popular than it has become. References Bazeley, P. (2006). The contribution of computer software to integrating qualitative and quantitative data and analyses.Research in the Schools,, 13(1), 64-74. Bogdan, R. C. , & Biklen, S. K. (1998). Qualitative research for education: An introduction to theory and methods. Bosston, MA: Allyn & Bacon. Denzin, N. K. a. L. , Y S. (2005). Introduction: The discipline and practice of qualitative research. In N. K. D. Y. S. Lincoln (Ed. ), The sage handbook of qualitative research (2nd ed. ). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Kawulich, B. B. (2005). Participant observation as a data collection method. Forum: Qualitative Social Research: Sozialforschung, 6(2). Leech, N. L. & Onwuegbuzie, A. J. (2005). Qualitative data analysis: Ways to improve accountability in qualitative research. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Montreal, Canada. Merriam, S. B. (2009). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Sapsford, R. J. , V. (2006). Data Collection and Analysis (2nd ed. ). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Turner, D. W. , III. (2010). Qualitative interview design: A practical guide for novice investigators. The Qualitative Report, 15(3), 754-760.

Article Critique Essay Example for Free (#2)

Article Critique Essay The author of this article is a Canadian who has raised the alarm on the increasing number poverty stricken people hence springing up of ghettos in big cities. The author rhetorically is asking a question whether there are ghettos in Canadian cities. The author is coming up with many ghetto synonyms but yet they are of not the same meaning. The name like enclave sound more ethnical and it has been described as a grouping of people from the same ethnic group living in a low income earning or a poor neighbourhood. The article pinpoints that in the year 2001 families residing in high poverty levels doubled the year 1981. The message in the article is directed to the authorities in these cities to get warned of a looming crisis and look for ways to alter the trend. The message is not has to any group that it mentions that is the people from the enclaves and the ghettos. The article has outlined many causes of ghettos in Canadian cities. Poverty has been rated as the number one cause and this article gives figures from the research to substantiate its claim. The exact time is given when immigration policy of Canada was changed and the change swung Canada into a cultural and social crisis or socio cultural crisis. According to the authorities and the research that has been carried out immigration puts Canadian cities on spotlight of having many poor neighbourhoods. The author also makes a comparison between Canadian and American cities whereby Canadian cities are going more enclave than ghettos in America. In American cities the traditional definition of a ghetto is a residential district that concentrates racial Enclave tends to collect people of the same ethnic background together while ghettos collect poor people from various ethnic backgrounds. In both cases, people involved are affected by poverty and low income level. From one of the researches that have been done, the article reveals that an alarm was raised about the growth of neighbourhood poverty in Canada. The article pinpoints groups of people who make up the population who end up to the ghettos. Their background is partly covered by poverty and the article further expose that these are immigrants from Asia, Africa, West Indies and Latin America. The research that was conducted showed that between 1971 and 2001 is the period when the majority of the Canadian population was born in the back mentioned countries. Nevertheless, some cities like London there are no ghettos and this is due to the efforts of the councils. However, I take the article head to mention that it does not clearly outline and show the consequences of the increasing population in ghettos and mushrooming of ghettos and enclaves. In many a times these nighbourhoods have been associated with crime and drugs. Does is it mean the researches that were conducted didn’t capture these common phenomenon that is associated with ghettos? Furthermore, the article does not highlight any ways that have been adopted to combat the expanding ghettos and enclaves without necessarily disrupting the social cultural set of these people in the ghettos. Walks, A. R. Bourney, L. S. (2006). The Canadian Geographer Publication: Article Critique. (2016, Dec 14).